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Cats do not generally need bathing because their mothers teach them how to wash themselves while they are kittens. Moreover, cats have a justifiable reputation for not liking water too much. However, there might be occasions when you feel the necessity for bathing your cat.

For instance, your cat might be old or sick, have been in a bad scrap or be infested with fleas. If these times crop up, you will be glad of some tips for bathing your cat, as they can get fairly nasty about it, inflicting serious scratches that could get septic.

This first thing to do is gather everything you need in advance, because you will probably need to hold your cat down. So, you will want the shampoo, a flannel and a towel close at hand.

If you know that your cat is going to become difficult, bathe it in a bowl either in the garden shed or in the bathroom, where flying water will not cause much of a difficulty.

Otherwise, you could bathe your cat in a bowl on the lawn, but an enclosed space may make your cat feel less at risk and it will be easier to catch it in an enclosed space if it escapes your grasp.

If your cat really, really detests bathing and you have trouble holding it, place it in a pillow case with only its head sticking out. You can use a cat collar to keep the pillow case in place.

If you use a pillow case, wash your cat through the pillow case as you would a delicate, costly woollen pullover. Use an old collar, because otherwise you may wash out the pesticide that is impregnated in it.

If your cat's fur is matted or clotted with blood, you had better remove the clots and cut away the hair with the cat on your lap before you begin bathing it.

While preparing the bowl, put a non-slip mat or towel in the bottom and just half fill it with luke warm water. The shampoo ought to be mild. In fact, you should bathe your cat as you would a baby who does not like getting soap in its eyes.

Lower your cat smoothly but quite swiftly into the water and talk to it reassuringly all the time. It will probably hate what you are doing to it, although some breeds are fairly happy to be in water. Yours almost certainly will hot be though and it will become more than a little afraid, so keep talking to it.

Wash quickly and do what you can. It is better to get most of the work done the first time round and have to come for a second go later than to actually stress your cat out with a long session and who knows, it may get used to it after recurring sessions, if they do not last very long.

When you are through, wrap the cat in a towel and be nice to it. If it is in a pillow case, wrap the towel about the pillow case and take it off under the towel. When your cat is pretty dry, you can let it go if it wants, because it will dry itself off anyway.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece, writes on several subjects, but is now concerned with feline distemper vaccination. If you want to know more, please visit our web site at Distemper Vaccines

Over the course of the past year, I closely assisted a colleague in writing a series of ten articles covering diverse aspects of my ancient astronaut theory. All ten of those articles circulated widely around the globe and view counters on many sites indicated plentiful readership, but feedback to me, or to her, from anywhere, was non-existent. There was neither criticism nor acclaim from anyone. Just silence. I was starting to think that perhaps no one in world wants to take ancient astronauts seriously.

In an attempt to make some progress, I decided to pay sixty dollars for a review of my ancient astronaut website. Of course, this was to be a review by skeptics; a review by New Age believers would be worthless. Their blog's description was "critical reviews of paranormal claims on the Internet." The intermediary granted them five days to perform their review but that has long since come and gone, and not a word from them. My website presents a vast amount of evidence and, in truth, I could not expect anyone to produce a good critical review in just five days. No one, including myself, would want to see quickly prepared and frivolous arguments, else I would make them look ridiculous in my counter arguments. Moreover, some of my evidence comes from Spanish-language sources and, to start, they would need time to verify that none of it is a hoax. They are welcome to all the time they need.

What to expect from this blog is uncertain. There are skeptics who are as narrow-minded in their thinking as their New Age counterparts, and then again, there are skeptics, like me, who objectively evaluate the evidence to arrive at the truth. Was there a real ancient astronaut? To help the skeptics answer that question, I will give them some ideas on how to refute my theories. Here, solely for space considerations, I will concentrate on the archaeological evidence, leaving aside ideas on how to refute the cryptology and theology evidence for another day.

My website reproduces engravings from the Tiwanaku civilization in Bolivia. One of those engravings depicts the alleged ancient astronaut as an aquatic with a three-pronged tail, with each of the three prongs ending in a pod. How do the skeptics refute that? Easy. They simply need to demonstrate that the shape of those pods resembles some form of animal or plant life to be found in that region. In other words, they need to find a terrestrial source for those engravings, otherwise my extraterrestrial arguments remain unharmed.

The timing of the Tiwanaku sky-god drawings coincides with the timing of the Nazca Lines in Peru, so the ancient astronaut of both places has to be one and the same. For Nazca, the skeptics will find many ready-made arguments, but I consider all of them weak. The mentality of the people of Nazca cannot be assumed to be unique in human history. It has to be demonstrated that people elsewhere also believed that the sun, moon, or sky-spirits had physical eyes that could observe ground drawings. Alternatively, it has to be demonstrated that the people of Nazca worshipped birds, believing them to have cognitive intelligence.

The recorded engravings on the cosmological Sun Disk, alleged alien artifact, may prove to be the biggest challenge for the skeptics. How are we to believe that the Andeans of the early sixteenth century a) knew that the Earth was round, b) knew that it was possible to orbit the Earth, c) knew that sunlight striking the moon could reflect back to strike a spaceship, d) knew that the dark clouds along the Milky Way contained stars within, and e) knew that water formed the basis of plant and animal evolution? Here the skeptics would need to find parallels in the history of western civilization. I look forward to their response.

Are you interested in learning more about astronauts and space travel? A good start is learning how rockets work and how to make a rocket.

What have you been reading lately? In a gathering, you can tell who the broad-spectrum readers are. Wide readers often think and speak well. They win the admiration, respect, and good opinion of others. After all, reading expands the mind. In fact, many people consider it one of the most satisfying pleasures of mankind, combining, as it does, mental agility and physical relaxation way above the scale of television.

Reading is primarily a mental activity, as you read with your mind and use your imagination to paint the setting of the detective thriller you are reading. You use your mind to imagine the pain that the main characters in the story are experiencing as the plot unfolds; or you contemplate the various arguments and ideas introduced by the author in that self-help book you are studying.

Reading effectively helps you to develop an extensive range of vocabulary by reading different kinds of books. A skillful reader recognizes a wide range of vocabulary. The reader may not understand exactly what every word means, but he/she will have a good idea of what the sentence is trying to say.

The act of reading makes you more aware and more curious about new words. Some readers even like to employ 'the dictionary habit', which means that whenever they find a new word, they attempt to work out what it means from the context. If they cannot do this, they refer to a dictionary.

Similarly, reading develops intellectual curiosity by exposing the reader to different subjects. He/she learns to read by reading books of increasing difficulty and variety. Just as in other forms of education, he/she is learning by actually doing and while he/she is reading he/she is automatically learning about the subject matter of the book too - a free by-product!

Reading trains you to have an active and open mind. Merely understanding the writers idea is not enough, you have to make a positive response to what you read. Be an active, not a passive, reader. Develop the habit of drawing your own conclusions, the habit of active thinking, of agreeing or disagreeing with the author. Always keep your mind open; understand and weigh the ideas that you read. A practical part of active reading is the drawing of conclusions.

Now let me introduce you to the idea of speed reading. All of the above applies three, four, eight, nine, even ten times over, because speed readers can read that much faster than the average reader! Imagine that ... being able to read, comprehend and remember all those books. You would certainly become well-read in your subject far more quickly than others. Just think how that could help you at work or in school or college ...

Now, let me tell you the four primary rules for better reading and better comprehension:

1) Try to read more and more every month. Remember that practice makes perfect. 2) Learn the habit of reading the main ideas, ie look for the subject and predicate - the principal ideas 3) Learn to read with focus and concentration. Good readers read with understanding. 4) Learn to budget your time. Experiment with your reading time. Try to read faster. Give yourself a time limit for the specific article that you are reading.

Reading is a wonderfully stimulating mental activity. It expands your understanding and capability. You have so much to gain by discovering the joy of reading. So, go on and take down a book right this minute.

Are you interested in speed reading for yourself or a loved one? If so, please pop along to our website focusing on Speed Reading.

Wales has a long history of music and has been known as the 'land of song' since at least the Nineteenth Century. This reference to Wales as the land of song, probably comes from the passionate singing in Welsh churches and at Welsh sports meetings, particularly at rugby matches. However, Wales' links with music go much further back than that.

Wales has a tradition of folk music which is closely linked with Scottish and Irish folk music. There are several kinds of musical gathering that are similar to those in other Celtic countries in the United Kingdom. For instance there is the twmpath (folk dance session), g?yl werin (folk festival) and noson lawen (a traditional party similar to the Gaelic "C?ilidh").

Modern Welsh folk musicians have frequently resurrected traditions which had been suppressed or forgotten, but have competed with imported and indigenous rock and pop trends. This has been particularly true since the 1990's.

Despite contemporary Welsh trends in music, Wales will always be connected with Male Voice Choirs such as the Morriston Orpheus Choir and Treorchy Male Voice Choir which benefit from world wide fame.

These choirs were frequently made up of workers from one village or one coal mine and so it was quite natural for men to sing when one town played against another, particularly when that game was Wales' national sport of rugby. The first time the Welsh National Anthem, 'Yr Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau' ('The Old Country of my Fathers', usually translated as 'Land of My Fathers'), was sung at an International sporting event was in 1905

Along side the choirs, brass bands sprang up in villages, working men's clubs, churches and at work especially in South Wales where brass bands are still very popular. In fact, the Cory Band is one of the most best brass bands in the world.

There were quite a few world famous Welsh singers in the Twentieth Century and some of them are still singing to jam-packed audiences worldwide. Ivor Novello was one of the first who became famous during the First World War as a singer songwriter. Then there was Geraint Evans and Delme Bryn-Jones in the Second World War.

After that, Tom Jones and Shirley Bassey started their singing careers in the 1950's but are still singing fifty years later. There were also popular bands in the Seventies and Eighties such as Man and Budgie and solo artists such as Shakin' Stevens, nnie Tyler and John Cale (Velvet Underground).

In more recent times, we have seen the Manic Street Preachers, Catatonia, Super Furry Animals and Gorky's Zygotic Mynci; the latter two bands being notable for lots of their songs' words being in Welsh.

There have always been operatic singers as well such as Rebecca Evans, Aled Jones, Bryn Tervel and Charlotte Church. Cardiff hosts the 'Singer of the World' competition and the Wales also has its very own Eisteddfod, where Pavarotti sang for years. It was because of Wales tradition as a nation of singers that Paul Robeson sang in Wales in the Fifties

If you are interested in a Welsh gold wedding ring, or Wales in general, go to our website at Welsh Products Online

Greenhorn horse-owners and occasional riders might not know the precise nutritional needs of horses. However, this is not unusual because there are several variables in calculating what a horse requires in the matter of food. The factors to consider when working out the requirements of horses are: age, weight and degree of activity.

You cannot put garbage in and expect your horse to perform marvellously. You cannot just turn your horse out into a field and expect it to find all that it requires. There are frequent cases of wild horses dying of starvation, especially if the weather is bad.

Having said that, foraging, which mainly involves eating grass, is a major source of food and it gives the horse an interest, a diverse diet and plenty of roughage as well. Roughage will also help your horse's digestive system continue working properly. Just like eating just junk food is not healthy for the human digestive system.

A mature, working horse needs around 2-2.5% of its body weight in good quality grass or hay a day. Therefore, a horse of 1,000 pounds will need 20-25 pounds of decent, fresh grass or hay a day. If the horse is not worked, it can probably get by on about 1% of its body weight in food.

In the summer, this is probably not much of a difficulty, but if it is in the winter or if the land cannot sustain the number of horses you keep on it. If this is the case or if you want to breed or ride the horse, you will almost certainly need to supplement the forage food with grain or oats. In this case forage food should make up around half of a horse's feed for top quality nutrition.

However, it is not just as easy as that either because not all grass and not all hay is of the same quality. The quantity that you feed depends on the quality needed not the quantity, so the feed that you give has to be tested as well.

Your pasture is the best and the cheapest way of feeding your horse(s). Here is a rough and ready guide to feeding an average horse of 1,000-1,200 pounds in a decent quality summer pasture. A mare and foal needs 1.75-2 acres; a yearling needs 1.5-2 acres and a weanling needs 0.5-1 acre.

You can crop feed for the winter by cutting grass from another field or by buying it. The hay should be pure and not dusty. It should also be free of damp and mould. It may not show any signs of rot or mildew.

There are other foodstuffs that you can supplement with, but you have to do more research. Alfalfa hay can be used but it is not the same as grass hay and you have to do other calculations. Oats and grain can also be given, but again more calculations are needed. There are services that you can use to get your horse's feed analyzed.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece, writes on a number of subjects, but is now concerned with the distemper in horses. If you want to know more, please visit our website at Distemper Vaccines

If you find yourself unable to sleep at night because of the persistent pain in your legs, then you may be suffering from RLS or restless leg syndrome. This condition is characterized by aching, throbbing or tingling sensation on the leg. The sensation is often times more noticeable when the leg is at rest. People who have RLS feel the need to continuously move their legs in order to ease the discomfort.

There are no proven causes for this condition but experts believe that RLS may be a neurological disorder. It may be caused by an imbalance in dopamine levels, the substance that aids in the transmission of signals between the brain and the nerve cells. This may also be hereditary and people who are pregnant or suffer from medical conditions like diabetes, rheumatism, and renal failure are more likely to experience RLS.

RLS should be acted upon swiftly. It is simple to do RLS treatment at home if the condition is still at its early stage. Exercising the legs regularly is the best method. You can also lessen the need to keep your leg moving and put it into a more relaxed mode by doing simple walking and stretching exercises.

Another simple and easy treatment for RLS is to maintain a healthy diet. Load up on protein as it is the nutrient that is responsible in keeping the muscles strong and firm. It is also better to stay away from food or beverages that contain caffeine like coffee, tea, energy drinks, and chocolates. Taking up daily supplements that are rich in iron, magnesium, and folate may be of help too.

One of the most sure treatments for restless leg syndrome is to soak your leg in a warm tub of water for about ten to fifteen minutes each day. For people averse to taking medications, aromatherapy with lavender or other botanical extracts infused in oils has been shown to be effective in reducing RLS. You can also help to ensure yourself of a good night?s sleep and remove the sensation of restless leg by giving them a good massage before you go to bed.

Taking herbal medicines can be an effective RSL treatment too. Ginkgo biloba is probably one of the most effective herbal remedies as it works to increase the blood flow and strengthen the cell membranes. This promotes more effective signal transmissions to the brain. Valerian root may also be effective because of its natural sedating characteristics. It is commonly used as treatment for disorders that may be caused by stress. Ginseng on the other hand, may work as well. Because it is known as a tonic for the whole body, it increases the body's resistance in order to be able to adapt with stressful conditions.

For worse case conditions, you may use certain kinds of drugs like dopamine agonists, anticonvulsants or opioids for RLS treatment. However, these medications should be prescribed only by a doctor and should not be taken without a prescription. Pain relievers can also be taken for temporary relief but one must be careful not to get too dependent. If the pain becomes too unbearable even after taking low doses of medication, the safest way to consult with your doctor for other possible treatments.

If you are sick of experiencing RLS and want to know more on restless leg syndrome cures, then you need to either look on Google or read more about rls relief here.

Gout is actually a particular type of arthritis that comes from an overabundance of uric acid forming in your joints. Gout may come about as either one of two forms namely acute or chronic. Acute gout is where only one joint is typically affected, while chronic gout involves repeated episodes of inflammation and pain and may involve more than one joint.

Many people get gout from high levels of uric acid, but there are many people that never get gout even with a high level of it. How gout is actually contracted is not also clear but it has been proven to run in families, with males and post-menopausal women more susceptible. The risk of developing gout is further elevated by the use of medications which could increase the levels of uric acid in the blood. Individuals who suffer from diabetes, leukemia, and kidney disease are also at an increased risk for gout, and are often in search of effective treatments.

You may be needing gout treatment if you have the following symptoms. If you have sudden pain in your joints and you are unsure as to what is causing it, you might want to check out the gout option. The ankle joints, knees and big toes are the most commonly affected areas. If you have Gout, the pain can be miserable, and many people describe it as a throbbing, crushing, excruciating pain. It is typical during the night that these types of pains will begin. Gout treatment may be needed if the affected joint is warm, red, and tender. Simply laying a blanket over it will lead to a painful sensation. There is fever. There are recurring attacks.

The usual treatment for gout involves anti-inflammatory drugs like indomethacin, naproxen, or ibuprofen as soon as symptoms manifest, with prescriptions scheduled for 4 to 10 days. Once you have any inflammation in check, you may wish to obtain some pain killers to increase your comfort level. For quick relief, corticosteroids may also be injected on the inflamed area. Relief will begin roughly twelve hours after treatment and total relief will be seen after 48 hours.

A big part of treating gout involves dietary restrictions; certain foods are known to cause gout attacks. Some of the food you should keep in moderation or completely avoid depending on the severity of your gout attack include: alcohol, sardines, organ meats, anchovies, spinach, legumes, cauliflower, asparagus, and baked goods - because of brewer's yeast. Watch out for those sugary drinks too since fructose from corn syrup has also been associated with increased gout risk.

By increasing your intake of dairy and carbohydrates, you can prevent gout attacks. You are safe to consume your meats since protein-rich foods have not been show to either reduce or increase risks for gout attacks.

There is nothing that will completely prevent you from ever being effected by gout. You do have control over the risk factors of gout, however. Doing these things will help you to enjoy life and by pass the miseries of gout.

With this assistance about gout diet, living with Gout will be a thing of the past. Browse over here right now to learn more about cures for gout.

The nation is still feeling the effects of the Great Recession even though economists report that it is over. Around nine percent of Americans are unemployed and many Americans are worried about the economy.

It's particularly difficult for graduating students; many are in debt and unable to fund a well paying job. As a result, they can be in debt for a long time to come. Some students even default on their loans. That is not a very good way to start one's adult life.

The average cost of a public four year college for a student who lives in-state is $7,605 a year. The average cost of a public four year college for an out-of-state student is $11,990 a year. And the average cost of a for-profit four year college is @27,293 a year. This only includes room, board and classes. There are other costs to attending school that are not covered. Other costs may include health insurance, transportation costs and entertainment expenses. All adding to the burden of the student.

It's very common for graduating students to have a debt of around twenty thousand dollars. These figures are higher than ten years ago. Debts of ten thousand dollars can be racked up by students who attend a tech college. In addition, graduate students who are trying to get a law or medical degree are being saddled with debts of as much as $100,000.

Before taking out a loan, students need to do a lot of research and find out if a particular loan is right for them. It is being reported that fewer students of need are able to get Pell Grant loans because tighter federal and state budgets are decreasing the number of loans available.

Luckily, not all loan programs put students in heavy debt. There are grants available that are categorized as Student-Specific, Subject-Specific, Degree Level and Minority. In some cases these loans are provided by private organizations.

State grants include state administered grant programs. For example Michigan's grant programs are designed to assist a cross section of students including general undergraduates, academically gifted students, low income and non-traditional adult students.

Some minority organizations also offer grants. There are African American Student Grant programs, Hispanic Grant programs, Native American Grant programs, and Asian-American Grant programs.

In conclusion, there are subject specific grants, grants to those who want to enter the healthcare or education professions. Obtaining a loan is a major decision that will affect the rest of your life. Make sure to explore all of your options and to research everything thoroughly.

Trident University offers excellent online university degree opportunities for students to earn a online degree.

Recent medical developments have led to a massive range of Sciatica treatment options. Long-term relief from pain in your lower back, thighs, ankles, and feet can now be experienced thanks to these treatment methods.

In ancient times, people who experienced incessant periods of lower back pain have been advised to rest in bed. Adequate bed rest was believed to be the best pain reliever for sore bones and joints. However, clinical research has suggested that bed rest alone cannot offer relief for those who suffer from Sciatica nerve pain.

Overall, these studies lead to the inevitable conclusion that nothing is helped by staying in bed and waiting for the pain to stop. Try these effective Sciatica treatment options to heal all those aching joints and bones for good.

Medications for Sciatica: Anti-inflammatory and non-steroidal drugs are used for the treatment of nerve pain. In some cases, drugs that resemble cortisone are also injected into the space surrounding the patients spinal column. However, both of these medications will only provide temporary relief because they fail to attack the root of the problem.

Invasive surgeries: Those who experience Sciatic pain due to herniated discs have the option to undergo laminectomy, an advanced surgical treatment for Sciatica. This procedure involves the removal of a portion of a patient?s posterior arch to decrease some of the pressure that can affect pinched and contracted nerve tissues.

If your Sciatic pain is a result of spinal stenosis, the part of the bone that is causing the pressure will be removed.

Surgery, though, isn't the best choice for everybody. If you are a candidate for surgery, you will meet the criteria of sciatic pain for between 4-6 weeks, and you will exhibit spinal stiffening and disc herniation.

Natural remedies for Sciatica: Patients who do not want to undergo surgery may also capitalize on effective natural remedies. Ice packs, stretching, and increased physical activities are recognized as effective ways to ease the symptoms of Sciatic pain.

Applying ice packs on the affected areas can reduce the inflammation around the nerve. Ice packs can be used for ten minutes at least thrice a day. This can help in stopping the inflamed area from getting much worse.

Improving pelvic balance is also a good way to cure Sciatica for good. A balanced pelvis will ease off all the excessive amount of force applied on the Sciatic nerves. Performing some exercises as well as maintaining a proper posture can drastically enhance pelvic balance.

Keeping active is an important factor in effective treatment of sciatica. If you sit or stay in bed for protracted periods of time, you?ll only worsen your sciatic condition. By gently flexing joints and moving around every now and then, the symptoms of Sciatica can be decreased.

Surgery, medications, and natural remedies are only some of the best known ways to treat Sciatic pain. Monitor all your improvements while undergoing any of these treatment options. The best Sciatica treatment will gradually help you reclaim all the normal activities you were previously able to do.

Before you try any sciatica cure options, it is better to understand more on sciatic nerve exercise here.

The Collie dog can make an excellent sporting dog and can be taught to do the work of the Pointer and the Setter, together with that of the Water Spaniel and the Retriever. He can be trained to perform the work of other breeds as well. He is clever at hunting, having an excellent nose, is a good vermin-killer, and a most loyal watch dog and companion.

Not much is known with certainty of the origin of the Collie, but his craftiness and his outward looks would seem to indicate a relationship with the wild dog. Buffon was of point of view that it was the true dog of nature, the stock and model for the whole canine species.

He thought the Sheepdog superior in instinct and intelligence to all other breeds, and that, with a character which other breeds do not share. It is the only animal that is born completely trained for the assistance of man.

At the shows this kind of dog is invariably at the top of the group. He is considered the most obedient, and is certainly one of the most lively. The second most popular breed of this type is the smooth-coated variety, which is a very hard-working, useful dog, well adapted for hill work and usually really fleet of foot.

He is not so sweet in temper as the black and white, and is slower to make friends. There is not a more elegant and physically good-looking dog to be seen than the show Collie of the present period. Bred from the old working animal, he is now practically a distinct breed.

The skull should be flat, fairly wide between the ears, and gradually narrowing towards the eyes. There should just be a small depression at the bottom. The width of skull necessarily depends upon the joint length of skull and muzzle; and the whole must be considered in connection with the size of the animal. The cheeks should not be full or outstanding.

The muzzle ought to be of a fair length, tapering to the nose, and should not show weakness. Whatever the colour of the animal, the nose must be black. The teeth should be of a good size, sound and level; very minor irregularity is permissible.

The mouth should be clean-cut and powerful. The eyes are a very essential feature, giving expression to the dog; they should be of medium size, set somewhat obliquely, of almond shape and brown colour apart from in the case of merles, when the eyes are frequently (one or both) blue and white or china; expressing high intelligence, with a bright, alert look when they are listening.

The ears should be and moderately wide at the base, located not too close together but on the top of the skull and not on the side of the head. When in repose they should be carried thrown back, but when on the alert brought forward and carried semi-erect, with tips somewhat drooping in the attitude of listening.

The neck should be brawny, powerful, of fair length, and a little arched. The body should be strong, with well sprung ribs, deep chest, fairly broad behind the shoulders, which should be sloping, loins very sturdy..

The fore legs should be straight and muscular, leaning neither in nor out at the elbows, with a fair amount of bone; the forearm rather fleshy, the pasterns showing suppleness without frailty. The hind-legs should be muscular at the thighs, clean and sinewy below the hocks, with well-bent stifles. The feet should be elliptical in shape, soles well padded, and the toes vaulted and close together.

Its general character is to be a lissom, lively dog, his deep chest showing lung power, his neck strength, his sloping shoulders and well bent hocks representing speed, and his expression of high intelligence. It should be a fair length in the leg, giving him more of a racy than a plodding appearance.

In a few words, a Collie should show endurance, activity, and intelligence, with free and deliberate actions. In height dogs should be 22 ins. to 24 ins. at the shoulders, bitches 20 ins. to 22 ins. The weight for dogs is 45 to 65 lbs., bitches 40 to 55 lbs. The smooth collie only differs from the rough in its coat, which ought to be hard, thick and quite smooth.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece, writes on a number of subjects, but is currently involved with the canine distemper vaccination. If you want to kcurrently more, please visit our website at Distemper Vaccines