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The Collie dog can make an excellent sporting dog and can be taught to do the work of the Pointer and the Setter, together with that of the Water Spaniel and the Retriever. He can be trained to perform the work of other breeds as well. He is clever at hunting, having an excellent nose, is a good vermin-killer, and a most loyal watch dog and companion.

Not much is known with certainty of the origin of the Collie, but his craftiness and his outward looks would seem to indicate a relationship with the wild dog. Buffon was of point of view that it was the true dog of nature, the stock and model for the whole canine species.

He thought the Sheepdog superior in instinct and intelligence to all other breeds, and that, with a character which other breeds do not share. It is the only animal that is born completely trained for the assistance of man.

At the shows this kind of dog is invariably at the top of the group. He is considered the most obedient, and is certainly one of the most lively. The second most popular breed of this type is the smooth-coated variety, which is a very hard-working, useful dog, well adapted for hill work and usually really fleet of foot.

He is not so sweet in temper as the black and white, and is slower to make friends. There is not a more elegant and physically good-looking dog to be seen than the show Collie of the present period. Bred from the old working animal, he is now practically a distinct breed.

The skull should be flat, fairly wide between the ears, and gradually narrowing towards the eyes. There should just be a small depression at the bottom. The width of skull necessarily depends upon the joint length of skull and muzzle; and the whole must be considered in connection with the size of the animal. The cheeks should not be full or outstanding.

The muzzle ought to be of a fair length, tapering to the nose, and should not show weakness. Whatever the colour of the animal, the nose must be black. The teeth should be of a good size, sound and level; very minor irregularity is permissible.

The mouth should be clean-cut and powerful. The eyes are a very essential feature, giving expression to the dog; they should be of medium size, set somewhat obliquely, of almond shape and brown colour apart from in the case of merles, when the eyes are frequently (one or both) blue and white or china; expressing high intelligence, with a bright, alert look when they are listening.

The ears should be and moderately wide at the base, located not too close together but on the top of the skull and not on the side of the head. When in repose they should be carried thrown back, but when on the alert brought forward and carried semi-erect, with tips somewhat drooping in the attitude of listening.

The neck should be brawny, powerful, of fair length, and a little arched. The body should be strong, with well sprung ribs, deep chest, fairly broad behind the shoulders, which should be sloping, loins very sturdy..

The fore legs should be straight and muscular, leaning neither in nor out at the elbows, with a fair amount of bone; the forearm rather fleshy, the pasterns showing suppleness without frailty. The hind-legs should be muscular at the thighs, clean and sinewy below the hocks, with well-bent stifles. The feet should be elliptical in shape, soles well padded, and the toes vaulted and close together.

Its general character is to be a lissom, lively dog, his deep chest showing lung power, his neck strength, his sloping shoulders and well bent hocks representing speed, and his expression of high intelligence. It should be a fair length in the leg, giving him more of a racy than a plodding appearance.

In a few words, a Collie should show endurance, activity, and intelligence, with free and deliberate actions. In height dogs should be 22 ins. to 24 ins. at the shoulders, bitches 20 ins. to 22 ins. The weight for dogs is 45 to 65 lbs., bitches 40 to 55 lbs. The smooth collie only differs from the rough in its coat, which ought to be hard, thick and quite smooth.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece, writes on a number of subjects, but is currently involved with the canine distemper vaccination. If you want to kcurrently more, please visit our website at Distemper Vaccines

Each dog likes getting a tasty tidbit as a treat and each dog-owner likes to give them. But do you know whether the dog treats that you are giving are healthy or dangerous for your pet, because there are both kinds on the market. In fact, there are hundreds of types of dog treats of all sizes, shapes and colours.

No matter what you feed your dog, it is worth checking whether he has eaten it all and if not why not. There could be several causes, but each dog owner ought to know how much their dog usually eats and what he particularly likes. Not eating normally is frequently a sign that your dog is ill or about to be ill. Some foods can cause this symptom though as well.

Treats that are made to scrub your dog's teeth often come in the shape of a bone, not that that is significant to the dog, He knows it is not a bone certain enough. But most dogs do like them. A difficult can happen if your dog has powerful jaws and attempts to consume big chunks in one go.

These substantial, slightly soggy chunks can get wedged in the throat or intestines causing blockages. Often these blockages will dissolve away over a few hours, but if they are causing breathing worries or discomfort, you may need to take your dog to a vet.

Rawhide chews also fall into this category although they come with problems of their own as well. Rawhide chews are good for scraping plaque and tartar off your dog's teeth that would otherwise lead to bacteria, bad teeth and foul breath, but they can also become lodged in the animal's throat or intestines, so attempt to purchase treats that your dog cannot swallow but has to chew on.

Rawhide is an animal by-product, so it has to be preserved to prevent it going rancid. Attempt to find out what that preservative is and find out whether it is perilous or not. It has been reported that some countries have been using arsenic to conserve their chews, this is obviously not a good idea and is one of the most dangerous dog treats.

Chocolate is lethal to dogs. Not many adults and very few children are aware of this, because you often see people giving their dog a square of chocolate. The reason these dogs do not die a terrible death is that most of the chocolate that we can buy these days does not contain much chocolate. It is chocolate-flavoured paste. Look on the list of ingredients on the wrapper of your next bar of chocolate to see what I am saying.

However, different countries have different regulations concerning what can be called chocolate. The European Union is fairly good, America not so decent and Thailand is atrocious. Usually, bakers' chocolate is the most powerful, which makes a chocolate covered chocolate cake the most dangerous for dogs - just the sort of thing they can steal from the picnic blanket.

Sickness, uneven heartbeat, 'craziness', hyperactivity, a visit to the vets for a stomach pump or death are usually the result.

Dogs love bones and they are good for them too (which makes you ask yourself why so many dog chews are purchased). However, not all bones are good for dogs. Cats grind everything up small, which is why they can be safely given fish, chicken and turkey bones. But dogs tend to wolf items down, so never give these bones to your dog.

Fish bones are fine and sharp and can stick in the throat or gut as with humans needing surgery, but chicken and turkey bones splinter into these fine slithers too when crunched. Do not give them to a dog as a treat.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece, writes on a number of topics, but is now concerned with the canine distemper vaccination. If you want to know more, please visit our website at Distemper Vaccines

If you are looking for a canine companion, you ought to put the Jack Russell terrier on your shortlist. Some of the best traits about the Jack Russell terrier is that they are small, inexpensive to feed, active, short-haired and intelligent. The Jack Russell terrier is a ideal dog for an older person, or someone living in an apartment.

The first Jack Russells were bred by a young theology student named John Russell studying at Oxford University in the early 19th. Century. It is said that John Russell liked the look of his milkman's dog and used it for breeding. The dog, a bitch named Trump was white and had areas of brown coloured hair on its eyes and ears.

Terriers are small, dynamic dogs.The name 'terrier' comes from the Latin word 'terra' meaning 'earth', because terriers love to dig and go to ground whilst hunting. Terriers have been used to hunt all types of small animals such as rats, moles, badgers, foxes and rabbits. The Jack Russell descends from fox terriers.

Jack Russell terriers love to run and dig, so they will encourage their owners to go for regular walks and they have a very persuasive personality. The word 'dogged' could have been taken from them - they simply do not give up!

Because of all their digging and rooting around, they can pretty muddy which means bathing and grooming, although being short-haired animals, this is not a problematic job.

Nowadays, hunting with animals is banned in numerous countries, but this dog's nature is still to hunt. They are particularly good ratters and can clean up an infestation of rats in no time. They are therefore also good dogs to keep on a farm or large garden where rodents could become a problem.

Terriers also make very good guard dogs. They will protect your property in the garden or in your home. They are very territorial and, although they will not usually molest or bite strangers, they will certainly let you know that there is a stranger about.

Having said that, it is a wise thing to train your dog. If you are not sure how to do this or what to teach it, go to dog training groups or buy a book. Jack Russell terriers are very intelligent and love dealings with their masters, so they learn quickly and readily if you start them young enough, because they are also fairly strong-willed dogs.

I have heard stories of Jack Russell terriers allowing strangers into a property but not allowing them to leave without being told to. This seems like a great way of catching burglars.

These dogs make good family pets, but they do not always get on with other dogs that they are not living with. This can lead to fights and injuries.

Aside from injuries in fights, Jack Russells enjoy pretty decent health. They are not subject to any major illnesses like some other breeds are. They also live a long time frequently reaching 13 and fifteen with some Jack Russell terriers reaching 18, 19 and even 20 years of age.

Owen Jones, the author of this piece, writes on a variety of topics, but is currently involved with the canine distemper vaccination. If you want to kcurrently more, please visit our website at Distemper Vaccines

If you want to make your home more environmentally friendly, you have got lots of options. To decrease the amount of air conditioning they need to utilize on hot, sunny days, some people purchase tinted windows. Another option is to decide only to buy glass, paper products and other recycled household items. Other people still think about installing solar panels on their house's roof to reap the benefits of the free energy available to them.

Your house can be made more environmentally friendly by means of your water heating choices. When choosing between the myriad of water heater options, as well, there is a lot to consider. You need to both find a water heater that heats a sufficient amount of water for your household and also one that will save you money. This includes choosing the correct size and fuel source for your individual needs.

First of all, you need to know the distinction between water heater types. The largest and bulkiest kind of water heater is the standard storage water heater. Demand water heaters are also known as tankless or instantaneous water heaters, because they heat your water directly without use of a tank. Heat pump water heaters move the heat from one spot to another in your home rather than creating heat directly for handing out hot water. Solar water heaters easily utilize solar heat to create hot water. And tankless coil and indirect water heaters make use of your house's own space heating system to achieve the same result.

You should also have several selection criteria in place to help you choose which heater is most appropriate for you. You should look into the fuel type or energy source the water heater utilizes. Its availability and price are also important factors. If you've restricted space for your water heater, size must also be taken into account. Lastly, you will want to know how much more energy efficient your new water heater will be compared to your current one.

It is essential to decide what kind of heater is appropriate for your household's needs, when choosing a water heater. It is also recommended to factor in a set of criteria before your purchase. As a result, there should be no reason not to be able to buy a water heater that's both energy efficient and meets your own personal housing needs.

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By about the 1700's, the Isle of Skye and other highland areas in Scotland were already breeding lots of small terriers. Scottish breeds were separated into two types: the Skye terriers and the Dandie Dinmont terriers.

The Dandie Dinmonts were categorized as a solitary breed, whereas the Skyes were deemed to include the Scotties, the Cairns and the West Highland White Terriers also called Westies.

West Highland White Terriers were hybrids of crossed Cairns, Scotties and Dandies terriers. These hybrids were reckoned to be good hunters and loyal. In fact, many members of the Scottish royal family owned terriers that were very much the same as the Westies of today.

One folktale concerns a Westie that stopped a mother from persistently yelling at her daughter. Each time the mother yelled at her teenage daughter, the Westie would bark at the mother. The dog's aggression got to such a degree during the years that the mother gave up shouting at her daughter.

It turned out that the girl was stroking and rewarding the dog for his protection after every bawling out from her mother. Many would say that the daughter was able to help her mother to change her violent ways although she was also helping herself by rewarding the dog for its actions.

West Highland White Terriers can live in or outdoors, so are very adaptable. They have a wiry coat of roughly two inches in thickness over a dense fur coat which is capable of keeping them warm. Westies are basically small dogs of between 10 and 12 inches in height and 13 and 22 pounds in weight.

West Highland White Terriers like to dig and bark, but they also like companionship. They like well-behaved children and they like to run after cats. They defend their property and territory enthusiastically.

As a breed, they can suffer some diseases such as: chronic skin issues, Perthe's disease (hip problems), jawbone calcification, cranio-mandibular osteopathy (lion jaw), patella luxation, a disorder in the kneecap, liver ailments, deafness and congenital heart disease

However, there are measures that you can take to look after your Westie. For example, they should be brushed regularly using a brush with stiff bristles. You ought to bathe them only when you have to, but their whole coat should be shaved at least two times a year and trimmed every four months. The fur around the eyes and ears ought to be trimmed too.

History shows that in 1620, King James 1 asked for some small white dogs from Argyleshire, Scotland. Colonel Malcolm, who was thought to be the creator of Poltalloch terriers, that are very much like the Westies of today, unintentionally shot his dark terrier. From then on he vowed to have only white terriers.

In the 19th Century, terriers that were very similar to the Westies were known as Roseneath terriers in honour of the Duke of Argyle's interest and patronage of this breed. Roseneath was the name of his estate at Dumbartonshire.

In the first ever dog show, organized in the late 1800's, the Westies were called White Scottish Terriers. In 1904, they were reclassified as West Highland White Terriers.

During the mid-1900's, breeders of the Cairns in Argyle picked white puppies from the stock and interbred them to obtain white Cairns. However, in 1917, the American Kennel Club ruled that Cairns could be listed if they have the Westies' lineage.

Owen Jones, the writer of this article, writes on a variety of topics, but is currently involved with the canine distemper vaccination. If you want to kcurrently more, please go to our website at Distemper Vaccines

Teenagers are very suggestible and tend to be more left-wing than their parents, because they are under the influence of their teachers, who tend to be more left-wing as well. This tends to make teenagers more in touch with environmental problems and other world problems. This can send teenagers off in many directions, and one of the most popular, especially among teenage girls, is vegetarianism.

This phase frequently passes for one reason or another. Sometimes the parents cannot be bothered to cater to their new diet and occasionally the teenager merely misses bacon sandwiches too much to keep up the diet. However, many do stick to their principles or come back to them later on in life.

Their children going vegetarian is often a cause for concern for parents, but it should not be. If your teenagers take up vegetarianism you will probably be concerned that they get enough protein, yet that can be taken care of. Instead, be thankful that they will be missing out on all the junk food that most teenagers eat in these, their most formative years.

If your teenager wants to become a vegetarian, you should encourage it, even though it will cost you more time particularly if you do not know much about vegetarianism yourself. It will be a steep learning curve for you and your children in the starting.

One of the first things that a parent has to judge is to what degree does their child want to go. Does he or she just want to give up meat or also give up fish or go the whole hog (!) and give up milk, dairy and eggs too. These three degrees make vegetarianism progressively harder.

One of the foremost problems of going vegetarian (especially for growing teenagers) is vitamin deficiency. Meat is concentrated vegetable matter and is our main source of vitamins such as calcium, vitamin B12 and iron.

You cannot do without these vitamins and several others besides, so if you give up meat, you will have to take them in pill form until you find or adopt a way of re-introducing them into your diet naturally.

There will be numerous new foods for your teenager to taste in their task to replace meat and some of these options may be unpalatable, depending on your child's outlook on eating new foods.

Tofu is one. Some people love it and some people hate it, but it is a very handy alternative to meat. There are others, but it could be a long process of trial and error and your teen might just quit.

If your teenager wants to give up, it is almost certainly a good idea to make it simple for them to do so without them losing face or feeling that they have failed. It is difficult to make lifestyle changes even at that relatively young age but who knows, perhaps they will return to (a degree of) vegetarianism after they leave home and start cooking for themselves.

Owen Jones, the author of this piece, writes on several subjects, and is now concerned with low fat low cholesterol diets. If you would like to know more, please visit our site at http://vegetariancasserolerecipes.com

Vegetarians have always had the image of being on the fringe. In the Fifties, they were the Beatniks and in the following decades, they were the Hippies. Vegetarians have always been shown as people with long hair, wearing sandals and clad in clothes woven from natural products. Weirdos, some would say.

However, things have eventually been altering during the last ten or twenty years. There are so many vegetarians these days that they can no longer be known as on the fringe. Everyone knows a vegetarian nowadays and plenty of people opt not to eat meat at every meal time.

The fact is that vegetarians come in numerous different levels of vegetarian. There are those who will fairly happily sit at the same table as meat-eaters and there are those who will not. I once shared a house with two vegetarians.

While they went away on holiday for a fortnight, I decided to cook a chicken (something I was not allowed to do whilst they were there). When they came back ten days later, they knew that I had cooked a chicken and I had to promise never to do it again or move out.

Then there are vegetarians who will eat fish and there are those that will not and those who will eat dairy products and eggs, and those that will not. There are numerous levels of vegetarianism, the strictest being veganism, which means no animal protein whatsoever.

This can mean that vegetarians and vegans suffer from various nutrient deficiencies that are concentrated in meat, fish, milk and cheese. However, it is usually only beginners who undergo these problems. Long term vegetarians know the dangers and either eat a very varied vegetarian diet or take vitamin tablets.

One effective way of replacing animal proteins is by eating beans, pulses, lentils and nuts. This is not an arduous challenge, but it does take more thought than slinging a hamburger on the griddle or barbecue. This is one of the problems for busy vegetarians - preparing food takes a lot longer.

Tofu and other products derived from soya beans are a boon for vegetarians, because it has all the protein one needs and is very versatile. It does not really have any taste of its own, but it absorbs flavours from whatever it is prepared with.

In general, it can be said that vegetarians have to eat more bulk than carnivores, because meat is concentrated vegetables. So, vegetarians normally have to eat more and also eat more varied food yet also make certain that they consume all the vitamins that a body needs.

The result of being a vegetarian though is that no animal suffers for you and you get lots of fresh fruit and vegetables, which do not contain a lot of calories. Vegetarians are not usually overweight and they hardly ever suffer from constipation and the illnesses that are associated with eating too much meat, including cholesterol and high blood pressure issues.

Owen Jones, the author of this piece, writes on numerous topics, and is now concerned with low fat low cholesterol diets. If you would like to know more, please visit our website at http://vegetariancasserolerecipes.com

If you are a smoker, then the overwhelming odds are that you have attempted to give up smoking, even if you never told anyone that you were attempting to give up. The old joke among smokers is that they have given up giving up.

That is a real shame and a very sad joke. Most smokers began while they were young and impressionable, but it takes a great deal of willpower to give up for good.

If you are trying to quit smoking, then I hope that some of the suggestions set out below will be of use to you in your task to kick the habit. The truth is that it takes most people years to really give up smoking, although there are plenty of people who give up one day and never smoke again - ever.

It just depends on the type of person you are really. Individuals can cut down gradually and others know that if they are going to quit, then they need to make a clean break once and for all.

It is simple to judge progress with the person who stops from one day to the next, but a lot more difficult to do the same with someone who cuts down. For example, how long is someone going to take to cut down from one packet a day to two?

How does a partner know when someone is smoking ten cigarettes an evening, that they have not already smoked thirty during the day? It is very difficult.

In the end, the quitter is on his own and if he or she wants to tell lies concerning their progress, they can. No-one else will know, but at the end of the day, they are just telling lies and trying to fool themselves that they are attempting to give up smoking. Having said that, a smoker should reward himself for each step of real progress.

A decent tip is not to rely on just one strategy to give up. For instance, you could wear a patch and reduce your intake by five or ten real cigarettes every week. Try nicotine gum at the same time.

Always tell people that you are giving up and never take a cigarette off anyone and never give anyone one either. Do not get into 'rounds' or 'flashes' of sharing cigarettes.

If you find that you smoke more while you are in a stressful situation, such as at the time to submit the end of year accounts, hold off trying to quit until after then. One of the times that most smokers have a big problem cutting down is whilst they are in the bar drinking alcohol with their mates. This is almost certainly the hardest time to overcome the habit.

Many people like a cigarette with a drink after work and if you fit into this category, endeavor to go home from work for a drink or give up smoking with a friend and take it in turns to go to their house and yours for a drink after work. Once the first three months are over, you could go back to the pub and see how you get on or you simply might not want to anymore.

If you are thinking about how to quit smoking cigarettes, please visit our website right now at: Quitting Smoking

Are you concerned about doing your bit to help salvage the planet? I mean, are you willing to pay a little bit more for something that has been made in a way that is less polluting to the environment and the planet? Do you support organizations that sell items made in far off lands in traditional ways that are ecologically friendly?

These are the minimum actions that people in the West ought to be prepared to take in order to support those who are attempting to reduce our impact on the environment and distribute some of the West's wealth to the poorest peoples of the world.

There are lots of organizations which say they do this. There are probably also a couple that say they do, but do not. An online check should weed these rogues out.

One of the simplest methods to help reduce your impact on the planet and help poor peoples living in isolated places abroad is to take more care where you buy your fabric from. Nowadays the only fabric that people buy in large quantities is clothes and bedding, so you should try to buy materials that are natural, not man-manufactured, which requires the use of a lot more chemicals.

Whilst it is a fact that bleach has always been used a lot in making material, it is not absolutely necessary to have pure white sheets or duvet covers, even if tradition does demand that you put on a pure white shirt to go to the office or a pure white gown to walk down the aisle.

Purchasing bedding made from 100% cotton is a splendid way to reduce your effect on the environment. In fact, 100% cotton sheets and 100% woollen blankets make a perfect combination for any bed in any season and your effect on the environment would be minimal. Cotton is cool and wool warm, but in fact acts as insulation, so can be warm in the winter and cool in the summer.

Another excellent natural fibre is silk. Alright, it is a great deal more expensive than cotton, but it is also a great deal tougher, so you will find that silk sheets last a great deal longer than cotton ones. This means that silk sheets are not as costly in the long run as they first appear. Silk has a lavish feel to the skin, but it is not as warm as cotton. Ideal for the summer months and 100% non-chemical as it is made by silk worms and spun like wool.

Other fibres that you can obtain from the Far East, Africa and South America are flax, hemp and coconut fibre materials. If you make a point of checking out the stores that sell objects such as these you really can make quite a difference and help poor trades people in far off lands for just a few dollars more.

Owen Jones, the author of this piece, writes on a number of subjects, but is now involved with Personalized Throw Blankets. If you would like to know more, please go along to our web site at Woollen Blankets.

What geographic locations in the world are ideal for generating solar energy? First you need to think about how the panels will be positioned in relation to the direct sunlight. The most favorable situation is when the panels are at the perfect angle of 90 degrees as this will maximize the amount of energy produced.

Another important thing to consider is the angle of the solar panel in relation to the sky, or tilting. If a solar panel was placed perpendicular to the ground, like against a fence or exterior wall of a home, the tilt would be 90 degrees. If it was placed parallel to the ground, as on a flat roof, the tilt would be zero degrees. For the most efficient energy production, solar panels should be placed at a 30 degree angle, but it's usually good enough if they're somewhere between 20 and 40 degrees. Getting the angle right is very important because the more direct sunlight the panel can collect, the more electricity it can generate. Also if the panel is vertical or nearly so, it will create problems.

Large electrical appliances like stoves and clothes dryers can be run on solar power, however, it's often more cost effective to run them on natural gas or propane. In your efforts to reduce your consumption of electricity, it's worth considering converting these types of appliance to gas. You can then operate a gas stove as the electrical requirement would be minimal.

It is worth a mention that using solar powers to generate electricity is not the same as generating heat. In order to generate hot air or liquid, you'll need to install thermal principles. PV panel is a natural element, made of silicon which gets charged by direct sun light and produces electricity.

These panels are directed in the northern and southern hemisphere at an angle stated by latitude of where they should be installed. Depending on the summer or winter months, the angle is typically set within 15 degrees. Oftentimes the arrays are placed at an angle that matches the location's latitude for the different times of year. There are many useful diagrams that you can refer to on the internet to get a better idea of the positioning of these solar arrays.

The PV panel is consolidated by the electrical charge which is directed to the output terminals to generate low voltage of around 6 to 20 volts. Although terminals can acomodate up to 20 volts, it's much more common to find them set up for 12 volts. So it is clear that there is a difference between the voltage and the actual functioning voltage. You can calculate the average daily peak sun hours, based on a full year, with the help of the internet.

For instance, if you live in United States, the average peak sun hours for your region is displayed on solar websites, and all you have to do is pick the area nearest to your location to get a clear idea of your average peak sun hours.

In conclusion, the ideal geographic locations for solar panels vary, depending on your location. People in the north of US would need more panels in their system to generate the same power as those in the South due to the lack of sun light and their positioning. So before opting for this type of energy, make sure you do your research before installing these panels.

Find price of solar panels for sale online. If you're willing to spend a little time comparison shopping, you should be able to find discount solar panels that you can afford.